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The Flash Storage Revolution (4/2009)
Part 1: The Growth of Flash
by Douglas Dixon
Flash storage continues its march through the consumer electronics and
computer industries, as it re-doubles in capacity and drops in price. Behind it
leaves the wreckage of other, once proud, technologies and products -- the
floppy disk wiped from computers by the USB drive, the CD Audio disc humbled by
portable flash players, and tape-based video cameras that now seem clunky
compared to smaller flash cams. And next in the sights: computer hard drives
giving way to faster and more rugged Solid-State Drives and mini Netbooks
replacing notebook computers. This rapid progression in flash memory has driven the development of all the
fun portable devices that have quickly became indispensible parts of our daily
lives.
This article provides notes for my talk on The Flash Storage Revolution,
tracing the growth of flash memory in a variety of CE and computer markets. It
includes market data, chronologies of technical developments, and sample products
on each area.
Originally prepared as notes for my presentation to the Princeton
University Information Technology Seminar, April 15, 2009
Princeton IT Seminar series - www.princeton.edu/~eos/lnl.shtml
Princeton Blog (and podcast) of the talk -
http://blogs.princeton.edu/itsacademic/2009/04/flash_forward_the_rise_of_small_tech_gadgets.html
A preview was published in the U.S. 1 Newspaper, April 15, 2009
www.princetoninfo.com/index.php?option=com_us1more&Itemid=6&key=04-15-2009%20gadgets
See the links to my Digital Media
Galleries for more details on these and related products.
See Demo products
Contents
Part 1: The Growth of Flash
Part 2: What's Next for Flash
For earlier round-ups of interesting products, see my related articles:
References:
Market Sizes
Portable Devices - Total units sold
- 30 M - Apple iPhone / iPod touch
(Apple 3/09)
- 50 M - Sony PSP
(Sony 1/09)
- 96 M - Nintendo DS
(Nintendo 12/08)
- 160 M - Apple iPods
- 600 M - Internet-connected PCs
- 2.5 B - Mobile phones worldwide (500 M with Internet
service)
- 2.5 B - 3G cellular subscribers worldwide by 2013
CE Products - Annual Sales 2008
- 40 M - GPS / Portable navigation (est. 50
'09)
- 120 M - DVD / Blu-ray player/recorders (est. same
'09)
- 135 M - Laptop PC (est. 147 '09)
- 226 M - Television (est. 232 '09)
- 1.2 B - Mobile phone handsets (est. slight
increase '09)
- 2.5 B - Units of CE products sell in 2009 -- $700B
($695 in '08)
- From Global CE Sales & Forecasts, Consumer Electronics
Association, CES 1/09 - www.ce.org
Consumer Electronics - Revenue Product Mix
Overall: 25% Mobile phone, 20% TV, 15% PCs, 6% Digital
Imaging
Portable: 25% Mobile phone,
10% Laptops, 6% Digital Imaging, 2% Portable players, 1.5% GPS ...
From Global CE Sales & Forecasts, Consumer
Electronics Association, CES 1/09 - www.ce.org
Consumer Electronics - Market Penetration
Year when product reached 25% household penetration
From Trends to Watch For 2008, Consumer Electronics
Association, CES 1/08 - www.ce.org
Years to product reaching ~25% household penetration
Year
Introduced |
Year
at 25% |
Years
to 25% |
Product |
| 1980 |
1983 |
3 |
Compact Audio Systems |
| 1983 |
1986 |
3 |
Portable Tape Recorders |
| 1974 |
1986 |
12 |
VCR Decks |
| 1982 |
1989 |
7 |
Telephone Answering Devices |
| 1980 |
1990 |
10 |
Cordless Telephones |
| 1984 |
1991 |
7 |
Analog Color TV with Stereo |
| 1980 |
1991 |
11 |
Personal Computers |
| 1983 |
1991 |
8 |
Total CD Players |
| 1980 |
1992 |
12 |
PC Printers |
| 1980 |
1993 |
13 |
Aftermarket PC Monitors |
| 1984 |
1995 |
11 |
Cellular Phones |
| 1985 |
1996 |
11 |
Camcorders |
| 1986 |
1996 |
10 |
VCR Decks with Stereo |
| 1987 |
1997 |
10 |
Pagers |
| 1996 |
2001 |
5 |
Home Theater-in-a-Box |
| 1996 |
2002 |
6 |
Digital Cameras |
| 1990 |
2003 |
13 |
Analog TV/VCR Combinations |
| 1986 |
2004 |
18 |
DBS Satellite |
Consumer Electronics - Market Saturation
Wireless phones and digital cameras are replacement purchases
From State of the Industry, Consumer Electronics
Association, CES 1/09 - www.ce.org
Inexorable Trends -- Lower price, growing capacity
Growth of Storage - 10 Years - 1998 - 2008 (SanDisk)
-
From 1 file on a floppy disk - to 1,000 documents on a flash drive
-
From 36 photos on a roll of film - to 5,000 images on a memory card
-
From 20 songs on an analog tape - to 5,000 tunes on a pocket media player
Moore's Law (1965) - Chip transistors
double every two years
So how fast is technology changing? Moore's Law -- actually more of an
observation by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore -- states that the number of
transistors on a chip will double about every two years. Moore made his
prediction in 1965, and it's held true for the past 40-some years.
Moore's Law Original Graph
|
 |
In 1965, Gordon Moore sketched out his prediction of the pace of
silicon technology.
Decades later,
Moore's Law remains true, driven largely by Intel's unparalleled
silicon expertise.
Copyright © 2005 Intel Corporation |
Moore's Law Transistor Count Chart
- 1979 - Intel 8088 ( original IBM PC) - 29,000
transistors, 5 MHz
- 30 years - Multi-core processors over 3 GHz, manufacturing process
over 1.9 billion transistors
Copyright © 2005 Intel Corporation
PDF - http://download.intel.com/museum/Moores_Law/Printed_Materials/Moores_Law_Backgrounder.pdf
Moore's Law Timeline
Copyright © 2005 Intel Corporation
PDF - http://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/moores_law_40th/MLTimeline.pdf
Storage Growth -- Capacity doubling annually
Think that processing doubling every two years is
impressive? Storage technology is developing even faster -- Over the past decade
the storage density of magnetic disk has doubled annually (known as Kryder's
Law). So now we've come to think it normal that hard drives and flash memory
cards and USB drives will double in capacity every year or so -- and while also
dropping in price.
Flash Beating Moore's Law (SanDisk)
Flash technology has moved through 9 generations in 10 years, re-doubling
in capacity
From The Flash Memory Revolution, SanDisk, www.sandisk.com
Flash Memory Summit, 8/2008, www.flashmemorysummit.com
Dramatic Flash Price Reductions: Key To New Markets (SanDisk)
In 2006, $14 bought a
128 MB SD memory card, and now that same price buys 4
GB -- five re-doublings in only three years. Plus, for the same
price you can get the same 4 GB on a ridiculously tiny microSD card, at a
quarter of the size and half the thickness.
That 4 GB card can hold some 1000 songs, 10,000 photos, a
couple of two-hour movies, or an hour or two of full high-definition
video.
From The Flash Memory Revolution, SanDisk, www.sandisk.com
Flash Memory Summit, 8/2008, www.flashmemorysummit.com
Top
Memory cards to USB drives to hard drive replacements
Flash Memory Technology
Flash memory is used for devices including MP3 players, USB drives, removable
storage cards, cell phones.
Its name comes from the fact that flash memory can be erased very quickly (like the speed of the flash on a
camera)
- RAM (Random Access Memory) - Used for main memory in computers
(DRAM)
- Volatile memory - Data is lost after the power is switched off
- Non-volatile memory (NVM) - Data is retained in memory when the
power is off
- Flash is is a type of NVM that is very suitable for
battery-operated, mobile and handheld devices
or as a replacement for a hard disk drive in laptops
- NOR - Random access - most suitable for program storage and
execution
Enables direct access to each memory cell - Fast random
access, but slower write speed
Uses silicon less efficiently, resulting in higher cost
per bit
- NAND - Sequential access, denser storage - most suitable for mass
data storage
Enables sequential access to memory cells - Faster write
speed
Uses silicon more efficiently, resulting in lower cost
per bit,
- NAND has far outpaced NOR, due to faster write and erase performance and
lower cost
References
Expanding Flash Market -- Card -> Mobile -> PC
Flash memory is growing beyond its roots in consumer electronics
(digital still cameras and portable devices
Consumer usage of flash began with
memory cards (for digital cameras) and USB drives, and then shifted to mobile
uses for portable media players and cellular phones. And now flash is expanding
into the computer market with SSD drives.
From Memory Storage Through The Global Recession,
Samsung Semiconductor,
www.samsung.com/us/business/semiconductor
at Storage Visions 2009,
http://www.storagevisions.com/2009/Book/Jim%20Elliot.pdf
Flash Applications
Demand for flash continues strong for its original uses for Memory cards, USB
drives, and Digital cameras
New growing markets include Mobile phones and Sold state drives
From NAND Insights Q1/09, Forward Insights, www.forward-insights.com
Flash Memory Chronology
- circa 1980 - Flash memory invented at Toshiba (NOR and NAND), presented
IEEE 1984 IEDM
- 1988 - First commercial NOR type flash chip introduced by Intel
CompactFlash removable media format was originally based on NOR
- 1987 - NAND flash announced by Toshiba at the International Electron Devices
Meeting
SmartMedia was first NAND-based removable media format
-
2000 - First commercial USB flash drives
Flash Memory Card Formats
The original SD (Secure Digital) card format
supported up to 2 GB of storage.
Current SDHC (SD High Capacity) cards support up to 32 GB for around
$129.
The new SDXC (eXtended Capacity) format increases
the maximum possible storage capacity up to 2 TB.
That's a lot of space, even for HD video -- a
2 TB card can store some 100 HD movies, 480 hours of HD video, or 136,000
fine-grade photos.
SD Memory Card Pricing: SD (SDHC) / miniSD / microSD
Cost per GB from $50 to under $5
in 3 years
(Prices for SanDisk and others - www.jr.com)
|
4/09
|
64 M
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1 GB
|
2 GB
|
4 GB
|
6 GB
|
8 GB
|
16 G
|
32 G
|
|
SD/SDHC
|
|
|
|
$9
|
|
$7
|
$14/39
|
|
$34/79
|
$64
|
$129
|
|
micro SD
|
|
|
|
|
$4
|
$7/19
|
$14
|
|
$29/54
|
$99
|
|
|
11/08
|
64 M
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
4
GB
|
6
GB
|
8
GB
|
16
G
|
32
G
|
|
SD
/
SDHC
|
|
|
|
$9
|
$7
|
$9
$24
|
$14
$19
|
|
$19
$99
|
$29/69
$149
|
$149
|
|
mini
SD
|
|
|
|
($5
|
$5
|
$9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
micro
SD
|
|
|
|
|
$9
$24 |
$19
$44 |
($9)
$24/44
|
$39 |
($19)
$49/79
|
$99 |
|
|
11/07
|
64
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
4
GB
|
6 GB
|
8
GB
|
|
|
|
SD
|
|
|
|
$14
|
$14/34
|
$34/44
|
$54/129
|
|
$99/179
|
|
|
|
mini
SD
|
|
$15
|
$12
|
$12
|
$44
|
$79
|
|
$89
|
|
|
|
|
micro
SD
|
|
|
|
|
$19/52
|
$49
|
|
|
$149
|
|
|
|
1/07
|
64
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
4
GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
SD
|
|
|
$12
|
$19
|
$19/49
|
$39/79
|
$89
|
|
|
|
|
|
mini
SD
|
|
$16
|
$14
|
$19
|
$49
|
$54
|
$99
|
|
|
|
|
|
micro
SD
|
|
|
$17
|
$21
|
$34/$59
|
$59
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9/06
|
64
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
4
GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
SD
|
$9
|
|
$14/
$39
|
$29
|
$34/49
$64
|
$44/79/
$99
|
$149
|
|
|
|
|
|
mini
SD
|
|
$19
|
$14
|
$29
|
$44,59
|
$64/79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
micro
SD
|
|
$14
|
$14
|
$29
|
$69
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/06
|
64
|
128
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SD
|
|
$14
|
$19
|
$39
|
$59
|
$99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mini
SD
|
|
|
|
$39
|
$59
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
micro
SD
|
|
$14
|
$19
|
$39
|
$59
|
$79
|
|
|
|
|
|
Top
From 1.44 MB floppy (1987) & Micro hard drive to 64 GB USB Drive
Storage Pricing: Flash, Hard Disk, Mobile Hard Disk
From Flash Memory Technology Direction, WinHEC 2007,
Micron Technology
http://download.micron.com/pdf/presentations/events/WinHEC_Cooke.pdf
USB Drive Pricing
Price per GB from $70 to under $3 -- in 4 years
(Prices for SanDisk,
Kingston, Lexar, and others - www.jr.com)
|
USB
|
256
|
512
|
1
GB
|
2
GB
|
4
GB
|
8
GB
|
16
G
|
32 G
|
64 G
|
|
4/09
|
-
|
-
|
$10
|
$7
|
$19/24
|
$34
|
$59/64
|
$109
|
$149/199
|
|
11/08
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
$116
|
$177
|
|
10/08
|
-
|
-
|
$9
|
$14
|
$19/24/34
|
$34/49
|
$79
|
$139
|
-
|
|
11/07
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
$29/79
|
$49/134
|
$132/149
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1/07
|
$14
|
$19
|
$29/34
|
$49
|
$84/$129
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/06
|
$19
|
$34
|
$54
|
$79
|
$149
|
|
|
|
|
|
9/06
|
$19
|
$24/34
|
$39/49
|
$39/79
|
$129
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/05
|
$24
|
$39
|
$69
|
$159
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once-ubiquitous floppy drive was ejected five or so years ago by the much more convenient USB
flash drive
The floppy transitioned from the flexible 5
1/4 inch format from the late 1970's to the more rugged 3 1/2 inch format in the
mid 80's, which then evolved to the high-density 3 1/2 inch disk of the late
80's, with a whopping 1.44 MB capacity.
|
3 1/2 inch floppy drive
|
- 1976 - 5 1/2 inch - Shugart; 1978 - DD 360 KB
- 1982 - 3 1/2 inch - Sony variant; 1984 - 400 SS,
800 DS
- 1987 - 3 1/2 inch - HD - 1.44 MB
- 1998 - 2 billion floppy disks sold,
Recording Media Industries Association of Japan
- 1998 - Apple iMac without floppy disk drive
- 2003 - Dell higher-end systems without floppy
- Wikipedia - Floppy Disk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk
|
Early USB flash drives from 2000 started with 8 MB, more than 5
times the capacity of the floppy
Now available in up to 64 GB for under
$200 -- again doubling faster than yearly
Issues: Performance (vs. USB 2.0), Security (encryption)
IBM DiskOnKey 8 MB USB Memory Key -- 2000
2000 - First commercial USB flash drives
IBM 8MB USB Memory Key - 12/2000 - DiskOnKey (manufactured by M-Systems)
|
IBM DiskOnKey
|
|
USB Hard Disk Pocket Drives -- 2005 - 07
Used 1" hard disk. Obsoleted as flash drives expanded
capacity
|
|
Imation Micro Hard Drive (2005 - 06) - Padlock design
- 12/05 - 2 GB $159, 4 GB $189
- 3/06 - 4 GB $119, 6 GB $119, 8 GB $149
Memorex Mega TravelDrive -- to 12 GB (1/07)
- Memorex - 11/07 - 4 GB $39, 6 GB $79/99, 12 GB $149
|
Verbatim Store 'n' Go Micro -- 8 GB in Half a SD Card (1/09)
Up to 8 GB of storage in
literally half the size of a SD memory card
(or the length and width of two
microSD cards -- and only a tiny bit thicker than a SD card)
The new development here is System in Package (SIP) technology, which
integrates all the electronic components into a single sealed unit. The
resulting drive is resistant to everyday handling, dust, moisture and static
discharges, so you don't give up ruggedness for the small size.
|
|
- Half the size of SD Card - 1.22" long, 0.5" wide,
0.08" thick, 0.05 ounce,
- New System in Package (SIP) technology, small and reliable
Integrates all electronic components into miniaturized single
sealed unit
Resistant to everyday handling, dust, moisture and static
discharges
Small enough and tough enough to take everywhere
- 1/09 - 2 GB $19 (orange), 4 GB $29 / $22 (green), 8 GB $49 / $32
(purple)
- www.verbatim.com
Find the Verbatim
Store'n' Go Micro on Amazon.com
|
LaCie iamaKey / itsaKey -- Thin USB flash drives (3/09)
Key design thin and rugged enough to carry on your keychain
The LaCie iamaKey
is thinner but still a solid metal design, with a gold USB connector with
protective edges, water and scratch resistant. The LaCie itsaKey looks like a
car key, with a tough nickel surface.
|
|
- iamaKey -Thin and durable, sturdy metal design, fits on key ring,
Gold SIP connector with protective edges; water and scratch resistant
3/09 - 4 GB $17.99, 8 GB $27.99
- itsaKey - Car key style, sturdy metal design
Fits on key ring, tough nickel surface
3/09 - 4 GB $14.99, 8 GB $23.99
- www.lacie.com
Find the
LaCie
imaKey
and itsaKey
on Amazon.com
|
Top
Digital storage has much more capacity in a much smaller size, and more convent
than CD discs
While there's comfort in having a collection of your
favorite music on physical CD discs, it's a lot easier exploring a music library
in digital format, and listening on flash-based portable MP3 players. After all,
carrying an album on a CD is terribly clumsy compared to fitting an entire
collection on a microSD card -- and the CD is too big to fit in a portable
player or mobile phone anyway. Portable players have also expanded well beyond
MP3 audio, offer text, photos, and video, plus PDA / organizer syncing.
Total Music Market -- CD declining, Online & Mobile growing
Digital music is growing, but not enough to offset the decline in CD
packaged media.
Courtesy Futuresource Consulting, www.futuresource-consulting.com
Personal Media Player Market -- Tape to CD to Flash
Flash-based portable media players have taken over the market.
Courtesy Futuresource Consulting, www.futuresource-consulting.com
Portable Players -- MP3 audio to Media players
"MP3 players" have expanded beyond music-only to become
"Personal media players,"
with photos, videos, and organizer functions
From Memory Storage Through The Global Recession,
Samsung Semiconductor,
www.samsung.com/us/business/semiconductor
at Storage Visions 2009, http://www.storagevisions.com/2009/Book/Jim%20Elliot.pdf
Vinyl Records - 1940's
- 1877 - Thomas Edison phonograph, phonograph cylinder
- early 1900's - Gramophone records
- circa 1925 - 75 rpm standardized speed
- 1948 - 33 LP (Columbia), 1949 - 45's
(RCA Victor)
- Wikipedia - Gramophone record - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record
Tape Players - Sony Walkman - 1979
Audio Compact Disc - 1982
Size,
capacity, convenience - plus portability
|
 |
Press conference at Philips Electronics introducing
the prototype optical digital audio disc in March 1979
From: IEEE Benelux Section: IEEE Milestone for the Compact Disc Digital Audio
System
www.ieee.nl/milestone.html |
MP3 Players - Diamond Rio - 1998
Portable, customized music
MPMan F10 - Summer 1998 - First portable solid state digital audio
player
The MPMan F10 was the first portable solid state digital audio player sold in the North America
Developed by SaeHan Information Systems of Korea, imported by Eiger Labs
Diamond Multimedia - Rio PMP300 - Second portable MP3 digital audio player -
Oct. 1998
The Rio PMP300 from Diamond Multimedia was second solid state digital audio player,
Sold 200,000 players
Diamond was sued by the RIAA in October 1998, but injunction was denied
Apple iPod - 2001
9/2008 - Apple reports over 160 million iPods sold, the world's most popular
family of digital music players
3/2009 - iTunes Store is world's most popular online music, TV and movie store
Over 250 million TV episodes purchased, over 33 million
movies purchased and rented
Catalog over 10 million songs, 40,000 TV episodes, 5,000
movies, including 1,200 HD movies
Over 50% of TV programming purchased in HD when available
 
- Apple iPod 1 10/01 - iPod Mini 1/04 - iPod shuffle 2/05 -
iPod nano 1 9/05
- 10/2001 - First Apple iPod portable music player introduced , 1.8" HD,
5 GB $399
- 1/2004 - Apple iPod Mini introduced, 1" HD, 4 GB $249
- 1/2005 - Apple iPod shuffle introduced, flash, 512 MB $99, 1 GB $149
- 9/2005 - Apple iPod nano introduced, flash, 2 GB $199, 4 GB $249
- 9/2007 - Apple iPod touch introduced, flash, 8GB $299, 16 GB $399
- Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod
- Apple-History.com - www.apple-history.com/?page=gallery&model=ipod
- See Portable Media Players Gallery - Apple
iPod Pricing
Apple iPod shuffle
No display, mo removable memory, non-replaceable battery
www.apple.com/ipodshuffle
|
|
Apple iPod shuffle - original (2/05) - 0.78 oz., 512 MB, $99
- 0.78 oz., 3.3 x 0.98 x 0.33", 12 hrs battery
- 2/05 - 512 MB $99, 1 GB $149 (120 / 240 songs)
- 6/05 - 512 MB $99, 1 GB $129
- 3/06 - 512 MB $69, 1 GB $99
|
|
|
iPod shuffle - 2nd gen (9/06) - 0.55 oz., 1 GB, $79
- 2/08 - 1 GB $49 (240 songs), new 2 GB $69 (500 songs)
- 9/06, 9/07 - 1 GB $79
- Half a cubic inch in volume, 1.62 x 1.07 x 0.41 in., 0.55 oz.
- Circular control pad, Built-in clip on back
- Headphone jack: also dock connector
Find the Apple
iPod shuffle (08) on Amazon.com |
|
|
iPod shuffle - 3rd gen (3/09) - 0.38 oz., 4 GB, $79
- Half the size, smaller than AA battery, remote controls, talks
- Introduced 3/09 - 4 GB $79, silver or black
- No controls on player -- Use remote on the right earbud
cord (custom)
- No display - VoiceOver announces artist and song
title between tracks,
Multiple playlists - Speaks playlist names
to select next to play
- Play up to 10 hours when fully charged
- 1.8 x 0.7 x 0.3 in. including clip,
0.38 oz., True volume: 0.26 cu in.
Find the iPod
shuffle (3rd gen) on Amazon.com
|
Apple iPhone / iPad Generations and Pricing (9/13)
|
iPod
|
Flash
|
512M
|
1GB
|
2GB
|
4GB
|
6GB
|
8GB
|
16G
|
32G
|
64G |
128 |
|
9/07 |
iPhone |
- |
- |
- |
$499 |
- |
$599 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.5" 480x320, 4.8 oz |
9/07 |
iPhone |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$399 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2/08 |
iPhone |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$399 |
$499 |
- |
-
| -
| add 16 GB |
6/08 |
iPhone
3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
- |
-
| -
| 3G, 2 MP cam, GPS, App Store |
6/09 |
iPhone
3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$99 |
x |
- |
-
| -
| - |
6/09 |
iPhone
3Gs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
- |
- |
3 MP cam, video, 2X faster, voice |
- |
iPhone
3Gs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
$199 |
- |
- |
- |
6/10 |
iPhone
3Gs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$99 |
x |
x |
- |
- |
- |
1/11 |
iPhone
3Gs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$49 |
x |
x |
- |
- |
- |
10/11 |
iPhone
3Gs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$0 |
x |
x |
- |
- |
- (free with 2 year contract) |
6/10 |
iPhone
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
- |
- |
5 MP cam, front cam, thinner |
10/11 |
iPhone
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$99 |
x |
x |
- |
- |
|
10/11 |
iPhone
4S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
$399 |
- |
A5, 8 MP cam, Siri |
9/12 |
iPhone
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$0 |
x |
x |
- |
- |
- (free with 2 year contract) |
9/12 |
iPhone
4S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$99 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9/12 |
iPhone
4S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9/12 |
iPhone
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
$399 |
|
4" wide, A6, 8 MP cam, LTE |
9/13 |
iPhone
5s |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$299 |
$399 |
|
64-bit A7, Touch ID |
9/13 |
iPhone
5c |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$99 |
$199 |
- |
|
Plastic case, colors |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/10 |
iPad WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$499 |
$599 |
$699 |
- |
9.7" display, 1.5/1.6 lbs |
1/10 |
iPad -3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$629 |
$729 |
$829 |
- |
- |
3/11 |
iPad 2 WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$499 |
$599 |
$699 |
- |
2 cameras, 1.3 lbs |
3/11 |
iPad 2 3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$629 |
$729 |
$829 |
- |
- |
3/12 |
iPad 2 WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$399 |
- |
- |
- |
(same 10/12) |
3/12 |
iPad 2 3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$529 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3/12 |
iPad 3 WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$499 |
$599 |
$699 |
- |
Retina display. 5MP cam, 4G LTE |
3/12 |
iPad 3 3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$629 |
$729 |
$829 |
- |
- |
10/12 |
iPad 4 WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$499 |
$599 |
$699 |
$799 |
Retina display. 5MP cam, 4G LTE |
10/12 |
iPad 4 3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$629 |
$729 |
$829 |
$929 |
- (128GB 1/13) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
10/12 |
iPad mini WiFi |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$329 |
$429 |
$529 |
- |
7.9" display. 5MP, 4G LTE |
10/12 |
iPad mini 3G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$459 |
$559 |
$659 |
- |
- |
Apple iPod Generations and Pricing (9/12)
shuffle: $100 for 512 MB to 4 GB -- in 4 years
nano: $200 for 2 GB to 16 GB -- in 3 years (... plus other improvements)
See Apple Support - Identifying iPod models
iPod |
Flash |
512M |
1GB |
2GB |
4GB |
6GB |
8GB |
16G |
32G |
64G |
|
2/04 |
Mini 1 |
- |
- |
- |
$249 |
|
|
|
|
|
mono, 3.6 oz. (HD) |
2/05 |
Mini 2 |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
$249 |
|
|
|
|
1.67", 3.6 oz. (HD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2/05 |
shuffle |
$99 |
$149 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.78 oz. |
6/05 |
shuffle |
$99 |
$129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/06 |
shuffle |
$69 |
$99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9/06 |
shuffle 2 |
- |
$79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.55 oz new |
9/07 |
shuffle 2 |
- |
$79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 colors |
2/08 |
shuffle 2 |
- |
$49 |
$69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
new 2 GB |
3/09 |
shuffle 2 |
- |
- |
- |
$79 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 G, VoiceOver, 0.38 oz |
9/09 |
shuffle 3 |
- |
- |
$59 |
$79 |
|
|
|
|
|
0.38 oz, playlists, controls on cord |
9/10 |
shuffle 4 |
- |
- |
$49 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
0.44 oz, control wheel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9/05 |
nano |
- |
- |
$199 |
$249 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.5" color,176x132,1.5oz |
2/06 |
nano |
- |
$149 |
$199 |
$249 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9/06 |
nano 2 |
- |
- |
$149 |
$199 |
- |
$249 |
- |
- |
- |
brighter, 1.41 oz |
9/07 |
nano 3 |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
- |
$199 |
- |
- |
- |
2" 320x240, 1.74 oz. |
9/08 |
nano 4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
$199 |
- |
- |
2" 320x240, 1.3 oz. |
9/09 |
nano
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
$179 |
- |
- |
2.2", 1.28 oz., camera,
speakers, mic, FM radio |
9/10 |
nano
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
$179 |
- |
- |
1.54", 0.74 oz., Multitouch, clip
Music - no video, cam, or mic |
10/11 |
nano
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$129 |
$149 |
- |
- |
Larger icons, built-in fitness |
9/12 |
nano
7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$149 |
- |
- |
2.5" widescreen, Bluetooth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9/07 |
touch |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$299 |
$399 |
- |
- |
3.5" 480x320, 4.2 oz |
2/08 |
touch |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$299 |
$399 |
$499 |
- |
- |
9/08 |
touch 2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$229 |
$299 |
$399 |
- |
- |
9/09 |
touch 3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
- |
$299 |
$399 |
4.05 oz., Voice control |
9/10 |
touch 4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$229 |
- |
$299 |
$399 |
3.56 oz., Retina display, HD cam |
10/11 |
touch 4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
- |
$299 |
$399 |
- |
9/12 |
touch 4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$199 |
- |
$249 |
- |
13 |
touch 4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$229 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9/12 |
touch 5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
$299 |
- |
$399 |
4" Retina, 5 MP iSight, A5, Siri |
Samsung P3 - Touch-screen, haptic, Bluetooth (1H 09)
Touchscreen player with haptic feedback. Bluetooth for wireless listening
plus phone calls
|
|
- Video player, audio player, photo album
Personal voice recorder, FM radio, portable
storage drive
- Available first half of 2009, 4, 8, 16, 32 GB, matte black
and matte silver finishes
- 3-inch WQVGA TFT-LCD touch screen, widescreen 16:9 aspect
ratio
- Make calls through Bluetooth phone, use built-in mic to
answer calls through player
- Integrated speakers
- Updated Samsung EmoTure touch interface with true haptic
feedback
Swipe finger to switch audio tracks, hold digital
button to fast-forward video
Reacts with a variety of physical sensations for
a more intimate user experience
- Updated Samsung DNSe 3.0 sound enhancement for natural,
full-bodied sound
- 0.39 inches thin
- www.samsung.com
|
Internet Radio - Slacker Portable Player (09)
Internet
radio on a portable player - Customized "channels" of music
|
|
Slacker G2 Portable Player
- Automatically refreshes stations over USB or Wi-Fi
- Listen to favorite customized channels on the go
- Radio-like -- play in order, limited skips, can't skip backwards
- Artist bios, reviews
- Also can store 1 GB personal library, with full access
- 4 GB $199 (25 stations / 2500 songs), 8 GB $249 (40 stations /
4000 songs)
- www.slacker.com/products/everywhere
|
SanDisk slotMusic Card - Alternate physical Media format (10/08)
Music on physical media with size, convenience - Play
in portable devices, millions of mobile phones
Maybe there's still a place for a new physical purchased music format. The SanDisk slotMusic card, introduced for the 2008 holiday season with
some 40 "albums" from the major labels.
The card plays in zillions of mobile phones with microSD slots, and can be
copied and played on PCs and other devices without any copy protection issues
(it's a standard microSD card with plain old MP3 files)..
The SanDisk slotRadio card format, released in Aplril 2009,
fills a card with a thousand songs, professionally organized
into genres and themes. It presents a lean-back
"radio-like" experience -- just select the type of music that
you're interested in hearing.
|
|
SanDisk slotMusic Player (10/08)
- Plays music from any microSD card, MP3 & WMA (DRM-free)
- 10/08 - $19.99 - No display, no built-in memory, under 2
oz.
- 16 GB cards = up to 4,000 MP3 songs
- slotMusic cards: microSD, DRM-free MP3 music
Preloaded music "album" -
dozen MP3
tracks, like CDs
1 GB, $14.99, like CD
SanDisk slotRadio Player (4/09)
- Player $99.99 bundled with 1,000 song slotRadio card
- 1.5" OLED screen, FM radio, No built-in memory
- Plays slotRadio, slotMusic, or microSD cards
- slotRadio cards $39.99: 1,000 songs, genre-specific & themed
Copy protected: will be supported on future mobile phones
Only work with SanDisk slotRadio
Player and Sansa Fuse
|
Top
Flash memory displaced film at a rapid pace in the early 2000's
As with other analog to digital transitions, photo film and chemical
developing just cannot compete with digital for mass-market advantages:
convenience (no chemicals), immediacy (no developing), experimentation (no
limited roll of shots).
Even inexpensive cameras now feature plenty of resolution (megapixels) and
auto-everything advanced features to help you avoid taking bad shots. With
multi-gigabyte memory cards, you can just keep shooting away, and then easily
upload your photos to edit and share.
Digital Camera Market: Film to Digital
Digital cameras displaced film at a rapid pace in the early 2000's
Courtesy Futuresource Consulting, www.futuresource-consulting.com
Apple QuickTake 100 Digital Camera for Macintosh (1994) - 0.3 MP, 1
MB, $750
Consumer digital camera, with serial
cable to PC. 24-bit color, binocular-shaped
|
|
- Image sizes: 320 x 240 (standard res), 640 x 480 (high res) - ~ 0.3 MP
- 1MB Flash memory: Store up to 32 standard-res or 8 high-res images
- Automatic exposure, shutter speeds from 1/30 to 1/175 of a second
- Automatic flash, Aperture f2.8 to f16, Focus 4 feet to infinity
- Optical viewfinder, LCD screen only for status information
- Connect to Macintosh with included serial cable, download images
Rotate, crop, scale, save as PICT, TIFF, QuickTake
formats
Control camera from Macintosh, images appear on screen as
taken
Images can be stored in camera up to one year before
downloading
- 3 AA batteries, lasts 120 images (half with flash), ~ 1 lb.
- 1994 - $750
- 1995 - QuickTake 150 - PCs; 1997 - QuickTake 200 - camera-like
- Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_QuickTake
- Review reprint -
http://systemfolder.wordpress.com/2009/01/10/rr-quicktake-100
- QuickTake 100 for Macintosh: Description
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=14659
|
Sony DSC G3 Cyber-shot Wi-Fi Digital Camera - 10 MP, touch panel (1/09)
Wireless camera for photo uploading, browsing online collections
Connect to photo
sharing sites though Wi-Fi access points, public and personal,
free and fee-based, secure and unsecured. Use integrated browser to link to
photo and video sharing sites, access uploaded photos to display on camera. Includes free AT&T Wi-Fi access
though 2012.
|
|
- 1/09 - $499
- 10.1 megapixel, 4X optical zoom, 3.5" wide touch panel
- 4 GB internal memory, up to 16 GB Memory Stick DUO PRO
- Digital Portable Photo Album, Organize by date
- Intelligent Scene Recognition: 8 types of scenes
- Face Detection: Up to 8 faces in scene, Prioritize children vs.
adults
Anti-blink: Take 2 shots, check for closed eyes, display
warning
Smile Shutter: Auto captures smile the moment it
happens
- Dynamic Range Optimizer (DRO)
Determines best exposure and contrast in shooting
environment
Balances contrast in scenes with strong highlight and
shadow
- Double Anti-blur reduces camera shake blur, especially in low light
- Just over 5/8" thin (16.4mm)
- www.sonystyle.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?...
Find the Sony
DSC G3 camera on Amazon.com
|
Eye-Fi - Wi-Fi-enabled SD Card for Digital Cameras (10/07)
Standard SD memory card, with built-in Wi-Fi networking to upload photos
-- and videos
Automatically upload photos -- and now videos -- to computer on home network,
or to photo sharing
sites like Fickr or Facebook from public Wi-Fi system. Optional geotagging and Wayport Wi-Fi hotspot access.
|
|
- Eye-Fi Home - Home Network (5/08) - 3/09 $49
2 GB; Wireless photo uploads to computer over home Wi-Fi network
- Eye-Fi Share - WebShare (original - 10/07) - 3/09 $59
Plus - Unlimited upload photos to online sites over
home Wi-Fi network
- Eye-Fi Explore - Hot Spots (5/08) ~ 3/09 - $99
Plus - Hot Spot access for 1 year - More than 10,000 Wayport
hotspots in the U.S.
Plus - Unlimited geotagging - Adds geographic
location tags to photos
- Eye-Fi Share Video - 4 GB - $79 (3/09)
- Eye-Fi Explore Video - 4 GB - $99 (3/09)
- www.eye.fi
Find the Eye-Fi
Home, Eye-Fi
Share, and Eye-Fi
Explore on Amazon.com
Find the Eye-Fi
Share Video and Eye-Fi
Explore Video on Amazon.com
|
Samsung TL320 Digital Camera (4/09) - 12 MP, 3" OLED screen
3" AMOLED screen - Brighter display, can easily be viewed outdoors, even
in direct sunlight
Less power than traditional TFT-LCD, higher contrast
ratio of 10,000:1
Darker black levels, more vibrant colors, view at any
angle
|
|
- 12 MP, 24mm ultra-wide angle Schneider lens
- 5x optical zoom, while recording
- 3" AMOLED screen, 460,000-dot HVGA
- HD 720p video recording, HDMI, H.264 compression
- Smart Auto - 11 scene modes
- Smart Album - organize and search images - date, color tone, portraits
- Face Detection (9 faces), Blink Detection (2nd shot if blinked), Smile
Shot
Beauty Shot (enhance and balance skin tones, remove
blemishes)
- PR 2/09 - www.samsung.com/us/news/newsRead.do?news_seq=12544
- ~ 4/09 - $379
Find the Samsung
TL320 on Amazon.cpm |
Top
Analog to Digital to Flash - Tape
almost gone by 2009
Memory card camcorders are becoming increasingly popular, since they are so
easy to carry and operate, and storage card prices have dropped enough to make
it reasonable to carry along at least a small collection of spare cards. They
typically offer a choice of good video quality (so you can shoot for an hour or
two to eventually show on DVD), or longer shooting time (at lower quality,
suitable for uploading clips to the Web).
Camcorder Digital Formats
|
|
- Tape (Mini-DV): Proven, reliable, inexpensive, Easy to edit,
Inexpensive archive
But: Mechanical tape transport, clumsy to search / rewind
- Disc (Mini DVD): Easy playback on set-top or computer, Inexpensive
archive
But: Multiple formats, Highly compressed MPEG-2
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Fast search, fast transfer, multi-hour
recording (100+ GB)
But: Media is not removable, need to offload and save
- Flash memory: Small and light, convenient, go everywhere, removable
media
But: Flash cards more expensive, lower capacity then HDD
|
Camcorder Market -- DVD, Hard Disk, Flash, Tape, Analog
Digital video has replaced analog tape, and flash is taking over the
market
The other formats still are useful to fit specific needs -- DV tape for
editing and archiving at higher quality, mini DVD for instant playback with no
computer editing, and hard disk for built-in extended recording
Courtesy Futuresource Consulting, www.futuresource-consulting.com
VHS to 8mm analog - to Mini-DV and DVD digital - then Hard disk and Flash
Sony Handycam 8mm - 1989
|
Sony CCD-TR55 (1989)
|
|
Pocket Camcorders
Last year saw an explosion of consumer interest in pocket camcorders, lead by
the Pure Digital Flip line -- These are small and light enough to carry anywhere
(literally in your pocket), so they're always available to capture the
fun.
Pure Digital Flip [Cisco]
Simple, affordable digital camcorders for the mass market
Pure Digital has sold over 2 million units in the past two years, and this
segment was further recognized in March with the announcement that Cisco is
acquiring Pure Digital for approximately $590 million in stock.
|
|
- One-click record, play, delete
- Pop-out USB connector to upload to a computer
- Built-in software to play, edit, convert, share
- 10/08 - Sold over 1.5 million camcorders after one year,
#1 and #3 best-selling camcorders in the U.S. (NPD)
- www.theflip.com
Flip Video Mino (6/08)
- $179 MSRP (2 GB / 60+ min.), in black or white
- 1.5 inch , no-glare LCD color viewfinder (528 x 132),
Transflective TFT
- Power up in under 4 seconds
- Internal, rechargeable battery, recharges from USB (not
removable)
- 3.94 x 1.97 x 0.63 in., 3.3 oz.
Find
the Pure
Digital Flip Video Mino on Amazon.com
Flip MinoHD (11/08)
- $229 MSRP (4 GB / 60 min.), in black or custom
design
- Same design & size as Mino: 1.5 inch screen
- Shoots HD video - 720p / 1280 x 720
- 3.94 x 1.97 x 0.63 in., 3.3 oz. -- same size as Mino!
Find
the Pure
Digital Flip MinoHD on Amazon.com
|
DXG USA
Compact and portable HD camcorders, with shooting options
- Choice of video and photo resolutions
- Many with internal memory + SDHC, NTSC / PAL / HDMI out
- Many with LED light, photo flash; White balance, self-timer, macro
mode
- ArcSoft TotalMedia Extreme software
- www.dxgusa.com / www.dxgtechusa.com
|
|
DXG-595V HD Camcorder - 1080p, 5X optical zoom (1/09)
- 1080p HD video - up to 1920 x 1080 x 30 fps, H.264
- 5 MP, CMOS sensor
- 3" display, $249 / $179
Find
the DXG-595V
Camcorder on Amazon.com
|
|
 |
DXG-580V / 581V HD Camcorders - 1080p (Q1/09)
- 5 MP, CMOS sensor, Up to 8 MP stills (interpolated)
- 580V - Horizontal - 3" display, $179
- 581V - Vertical / upright - 2.5" display, $179 / $141
Find
the DXG-580V
and DXG-581V
on Amazon.com |
|
|
DXG-517V / 579V HD Camcorders - 720p (Q1/09)
- 5 MP sensor, Up to 8 MP (interpolated)
- 517V - Horizontal - 2.5" display, 128 MB internal, 8 oz.,
$129/$99
- 579V - Vertical / upright - 2.4" display, 32 MB internal, 4.8
oz., $99
Find
the DXG-581V
Camcorder on Amazon.com |
|
|
DXG-125V All-Weather HD Camcorder - 720p (~7/09)
- All-terrain, all-weather, splash and weather-resistant
- 1 MP sensor, Up to 3 MP (interpolated), 3 oz., $99, red, olive,
camo
- 2" display, 128 MB internal, SDHC up to 8 MP
|
|
|
DXG-566V Luxe Collection - Fashion - 720p (~8/09)
- HD technology and style: hop, hot, and haute
Quilted: white, black, pink; Tartan / plaid
- 3 in. display, 32 MB internal, SDHC up to 8 GB, $129
- 5 MP sensor Up to 8 MP (interpolated)
|
Samsung Full-HD Flash Memory Camcorders
Swivel designs, SSD disk, 1080p
|
 |
Samsung HMX-R10 - Angled (~5/09)
- Ultra-compact, ergonomic design, smooth, curvy shape
Unique form factor to hold camcorder more
comfortably
Lens angled at 25 degrees, reduces strain on wrist
- ~5/09 - $549/$499
- Full HD (1920 x 1080), 9 MP Photos (2880 x 1620)
- 2.7 inch LCD, touch screen, swiveling
- 5x optical zoom, Intelli-zoom lens
- Expandable memory SD/SDHC card slot
- 1.5'" x 2.23" x 5.04", 0.51 lbs.
- www.samsung.com/us/consumer/detail/detail.do?..
Find the Samsung
HMX-R10 on Amazon.cpm |
|
- HMX-H106 - ~5/09 - flagship 64 GB,
12 hours - $999/$899
- HMX-H105 - ~3/09 - 32 GB SSD,
- HMX-H104 - ~3/09 - 16 GB SSD,
- HMX H100 - ~3/09 -
no internal storage - $629/$579
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Samsung HMX-H106 - SSD (3/09)
- 2.7 inch LCD, touch screen , swiveling
- Full HD (1920 x 1080), 4.7 MP photos (2880 x 1620), flash
- 10x optical zoom, Optical Image Stabilizer
- Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) + SD/SDHC card slot
More lightweight and compact than HDD, operates
silently,
very low heat emission
No moving parts enhances reliability,
more durable and resistant to
shock and vibrations
Reduces power consumption (1/8th HDD)
Faster, quicker boot-up and read/write speeds
- Samsung proprietary swivel grip, control at low or high angles.
- HD Time Lapse recording , save as single movie file
- 2.48 x 2.4 x 5.06 in., 0.78 lbs.
- www.samsung.com/us/consumer/detail/spec.do?
Find the Samsung
HMX-H106 on Amazon.cpm |
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Beyond mass penetration -- a camera in every phone
Mobile Phone Market Growth
Beyond mass market -- 2.5G to 3G
From NAND Flash: The Ubiquitous Storage Medium,
Samsung Semiconductor,
www.samsung.com/us/business/semiconductor
Flash Memory Summit, 8/2008, www.flashmemorysummit.com
Flash Card Market Growth
Mobile phone passes digital camera
From NAND Flash: The Ubiquitous Storage Medium,
Samsung Semiconductor,
www.samsung.com/us/business/semiconductor
Flash Memory Summit, 8/2008, www.flashmemorysummit.com
Verizon Wireless Samsung Flipshot (SCH-u900) - 3 MP Camera Phone (11/07)
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